Page 9 - Shimadzu CFT-EX Series

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Supported by More Than 50 Years of

Technology and Know-How
Achievements in Many Industries
For more than 50 years, the CFT series has been used in research and development, production process and quality management of various types of flowable
materials, including thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, toners and rubbers. Various applications are supported and extensive evaluations and analyses are Thermoplastic Resins Thermosetting Resins and Adhesives
offered to meet the requirements of users.
ement of the melt viscosity of r
esins facilitates the selection of measur
Measurement of the melt viscosity of resins facilitates the selection of measurement Measur ement of the curing rate of thermosetting r esins is dif ficult using
Measur
ement
Measurement of the curing rate of thermosetting resins is difficult using
Piston conditions, such as temperature, pressure and flow rate during molding. The CFT-EX typical physical methods. The CFT -EX series, on the other hand, permits
typical physical methods. The CFT-EX series, on the other hand, permits
conditions, such as temperatur
e and flow rate during molding. The CFT
e, pr
-EX
essur
Structure of
Principle Cylinder Unit Cylinder series, which supports measurement at shear stresses similar to those used under measurement of the curing time from a flow curve.
measurement of the curing time from a flow curve.
series, which supports measurement at shear stresses similar to those used under
actual molding conditions, provides very useful data.
A flowtester is a capillary rheometer that is used to measure the viscosity resistance that occurs when a melted
sample flows through a capillary tube. The measurement component has a structure like that shown in the Sample A Heater
figure. The sample is introduced into the cylinder, melted by application of heat and then subjected to a constant S1
pressure applied by a piston positioned above the sample. The melted sample is extruded through a narrow
S2
orifice in a die. Its flow rate is determined from the speed of the piston at that time, and the sample fluidity, L
Die
referred to as melt viscosity, is calculated.
Die holder
D
(1) Flow rate Q (2) Apparent shear rate (3) Apparent shear stress (4) Apparent viscosity
4
S2−S1 32Q PD D P
3
Q=A· (cm 3 /s) = ·10 (s −1 ) = (Pa) = = ×10 (Pa·s)
−3
10· t D 3 4L 128LQ
Where, A :Piston cross sectional area (cm 2 ) Where, D:Die orifice diameter (mm) Where, P :Test pressure (Pa)
S1 :Calculation start point (mm) L :Die length (mm) Copying Machine Toners Composite Materials
S2 :Calculation end point (mm)
t:Piston travel time from start point
ess and injection
Melting temperatur
ess and injection
Paying close attention to viscosity is critical when conducting pr
Paying close attention to viscosity is critical when conducting pr
e and viscosity of toner ar
e key factors to
Melting temperature and viscosity of toner are key factors to
to end point (second) Melting temperatur e and viscosity of toner ar e key factors to Paying close attention to viscosity is critical when conducting press and injection
obtaining clear print with copying machines. The CFT
obtaining clear print with copying machines. The CFT-EX series
-EX series
obtaining clear print with copying machines. The CFT -EX series molding of composite materials such as GFRP and CFRP , consisting of r einfor ced
, consisting of r
ced
einfor
molding of composite materials such as GFRP and CFRP, consisting of reinforced
molding of composite materials such as GFRP and CFRP
permits simple and ef ficient measur ement of such temperatur e and fibers mixed with thermoplastic and thermosetting resins, respectively. The
. The
espectively
permits simple and efficient measurement of such temperature and
ficient measur
ement of such temperatur
permits simple and ef
e and
esins, r
fibers mixed with thermoplastic and thermosetting r
JIS K7210 (Appendix Flow test method for plastics) viscosity. viscosity can be evaluated under various pr essur e and temperatur e conditions
viscosity can be evaluated under various pressure and temperature conditions
The flow rate is defined in the Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) by the following equation. When using
for injection molding, as well as the matrix (base material) and filler content.
for injection molding, as well as the matrix (base material) and filler content.
Flow rate 0.4 t: Time (second) for the piston to travel for injection molding, as well as the matrix (base material) and filler content.
the CFT-EX series flowtester, the flow rate data are consistent with those given by the JIS method when =
value Q from the 3 mm point to the 7 mm point
the calculation start point is set to 3 mm and the calculation end point to 7 mm. t
Selection of Measurement Method According to Material
Two measurement methods have been adopted. The appropriate method can be selected depending on the material.
Constant Temperature Method
Measurement
Calculation end point end zone
In the testing method based on the use of a constant temperature, two calculation points on the S2
piston's descent are set beforehand. The calculation is conducted using either the limiting method Piston Stroke Piston Stroke Measurement
start zone
or the automatic method. In the limiting method, the flow rate is determined from the stroke-time Calculation S 20 S Rubber Materials Ceramic Materials
start point
curve of the piston between the above two points. In the automatic method, the stroke-time curve t S1
In the molding of ceramics, r
e typically used in
Injection molding machines ar
Injection molding machines are typically used in
Injection molding machines ar
e typically used in
esin additives
is divided into 20 segments, and the flow rate is determined from the gradients of the curves of Time Time Injection molding machines ar e typically used in In the molding of ceramics, resin additives
those segments except for the first and last segment, with the maximum value taken automatically Limiting Method Automatic Method the molding of rubber . Since the mechanism of referred to as binders are typically added to the
. Since the mechanism of
. Since the mechanism of
ed to as binders ar
e typically added to the
r
eferr
the molding of rubber
the molding of rubber. Since the mechanism of
the molding of rubber
as the flow rate. the CFT -EX series is similar to that used in mold to improve fluidity. This fluidity can be
mold to improve fluidity. This fluidity can be
the CFT-EX series is similar to that used in
the CFT
-EX series is similar to that used in
the CFT-EX series is similar to that used in
injection molding machines, very useful data can
injection molding machines, very useful data can
injection molding machines, very useful data can
measured to determine the optimal proportion
injection molding machines, very useful data can measured to determine the optimal proportion
Constant Heating Rate Method be obtained, thereby permitting, for example, of binder to be used.
be obtained, thereby permitting, for example,
be obtained, ther
eby permitting, for example,
of binder to be used.
eby permitting, for example,
be obtained, ther
Send
F
AB :Preheating period
management of viscosity in unvulcanized
Send−Smin BC :Softening region management of viscosity in unvulcanized
management of viscosity in unvulcanized
management of viscosity in unvulcanized
With this method, a sample is extruded while the temperature is increased at a constant rate. 2 CD :Non-flow region
rubber.
This method is unique to this flowtester and cannot be conducted with other capillary Piston Stroke Offset method temperature DEF:Flow region rubber.
Ts :Softening
and 1/2 method temperature
temperature
rheometers. are operator selectable. E Tfb :Flow beginning
temperature
The advantage of this instrument is that it can measure the fluidity characteristics of a sample
over a wide temperature range from its solid phase to its flow phase in a single measurement. In Offset value Other Applications
C D
this measurement, the sample's softening temperature and its flow beginning temperature can A B Smin
be determined both easily and accurately, permitting rapid determination of the fluidity at the Ts Tfb Toffset T1/2 Temperature Foods: Evaluation of compositions of chewing gum, butter, margarine, bread, candy, chocolate, etc. for determining optimal consistencies in the mouth
(Offset method (1/2 method
respective temperatures in a single test run. temperature) temperature) Paints and Inks: Evaluation of writing characteristics and fluidity of ink used in ballpoint pens and fountain pens, etc.
Flow Curve Using Constant Heating Rate Method Fibers: Selection of melt spinning production conditions
CFT-EX Series
8 Capillary Rheometer Flowtester 9