Page 13 - Shimadzu CFT-EX Series

global w430×h280

Evaluation of the Temperature Characteristics of Toner Fluidity Evaluation of Unvulcanized Rubber
Heating Constant
(Rubber Compounds)

oduced by forming rubber compounds (mixtur
es of rubber and additives that pr
ovide specific functional
Rubber pr
oducts ar
e pr
During laser printing, toner powder, which has a particle diameter of about 5 µm, is transferred onto copy paper and Rubber products are produced by forming rubber compounds (mixtures of rubber and additives that provide specific functional
characteristics) in a mold and then applying heat. Therefore, the fluidity of rubber compounds can have a major effect on molding
heated so that it adheres to the paper. In the case of color laser printing, this process is repeated for four different characteristics) in a mold and then applying heat. Therefore, the fluidity of rubber compounds can have a major effect on molding
colors. If the melting temperature and melt viscosity differ for the four colors, then it could cause bleeding or poor quality. Unformed rubber compounds change their characteristics after long storage periods, which can cause fluidity to
adhesion in areas printed first and reduce print quality. To prevent that, the temperature characteristics associated with deteriorate or the molding process to fail, depending on how they are stored.
toner flow must be the same for all four colors.
In this case, a rubber compound was stored at ambient temperature and low temperature for 14 days and Test Conditions
Test Conditions
28 days immediately after kneading and then the fluidity was evaluated. The results showed that the given Test Method Constant temperature test
Flow Beginning Temperature and 1/2 Method Temperature for sample could be stored at low temperatures without a significant change in fluidity, even after one month. Die Diameter 0.5 mm
Die Length
1 mm
Four Toner Colors by Constant Heating Rate Testing Using the CFT-EX series allows evaluation of the rubber compounds storage temperatures and storage Test Temperature 280°C
periods without actually having to mold any parts. Test Pressure 20.1 MPa
Preheating Time 0 sec
The constant heating rate test was performed for all four color toners used in Test Conditions
700 Sample Size 1.6 g
the same color printer (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black). Test Method Constant heating rate test 600
The constant heating rate method was used to calculate characteristic values, Die Diameter 0.5 mm 500 Test Results
Die Length 1 mm
such as the softening temperature, flow beginning temperature, 1/2 method Viscosity (Pa·s) 400 Storage Temperature Storage Period Viscosity (Pa·s)
Beginning Temperature 50°C 0 395.7
temperature, and offset temperature. Ending Temperature 200°C 300 Ambient temperature Ambient
200 Low temperature Temperature 14 568.1
Heating Rate 5°C/min 28 600.0
1/2 method temperature : Midpoint between flow beginning and flow ending Test Pressure 0.98 MPa 100 0 10 15 20 25 25 30 0 395.7
temperatures Preheating Time 240 sec Storage Period Low 14 447.5
Offset temperature : Temperature at flow beginning stroke plus any arbitrary Sample Size 1 g (formed into pellets) Temperature 28 419.3
offset stroke Changes in Viscosity Due to Storage Methods
All four toner colors have very similar characteristic values. In particular, the Test Results
values for the three non-black colors were almost identical. Sample Softening Flow Beginning 1/2 Method 1/2 Method Evaluation of the Temperature Characteristics Heating
Name Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Viscosity (Pa·s)
Ensuring that the respective temperature and fluidity characteristics are
Cyan 76.8 105.1 132.5 248.2 of General Purpose Plastics
approximately the same is important for maintaining the print quality of color
Magenta 75.4 105.8 131.8 240.7
laser printers. Therefore, CFT-EX series flowtesters serve an important role in Yellow 76.3 104.8 133.5 285.8
toner research and development, and quality control applications. Black 73.8 108.5 145.9 402.4 Determining the temperature where thermoplastic resins start softening and flowing, and measuring their fluidity properties are
extremely important for evaluating the properties of thermoplastic resins.
1:Cyan. R
Test Conditions
2:Magenta. R The stroke-temperature graph shows that the sample starts flowing after it exceeds the flow beginning Test Conditions
3:Yellow. R
4:Black. R
temperature and decreases in viscosity as the temperature increases (graph slope increases). The viscosity Test Method Constant heating rate test
Constant heating rate test
Test Method
Die Diameter 1 mm
can be calculated for each temperature after initial flow. To accurately determine the viscosity at each Die Length 1 mm
Stroke Viscosity temperature, the constant temperature method is recommended. Beginning Temperature 100°C
Ending Temperature
300°C
Heating Rate 5°C/min
Test Pressure 0.98 MPa
1:Cyan. R
2:Magenta. R Preheating Time 300 sec
3:Yellow. R
4:Black. R
Sample Size 1.2 g
Stroke Test Results
Temperature Temperature
Stroke-Temperature Graph Viscosity-Temperature Graph 1:PE. R Sample Name Softening Flow Beginning 1/2 Method 1/2 Method
2:PP. R Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Viscosity (Pa·s)
3:PVC. R
4:PC. R Polyethylene 142.4 153.6 203.6 16,370
Polypropylene 175.6 187.2 215.6 5,716
Press-Forming Powdered Samples for Efficient Measurement Temperature Polyvinyl chloride 175.3 208.2 234.4 6,138
Stroke-Temperature Graph Polycarbonate 183.1 205.1 253.9 10,590
Due to the small size of toner particles, samples could easily scatter if placed directly in the
sample chamber or spill out from die orifices. Therefore, for samples such as these, a hand
press and preforming die unit can be used to press them into a form that can be more easily Cylinder Cooling Fan Improves Cycle Time for Constant Heating Rate Tests
placed in the sample chamber. Accurate values can be measured efficiently by placing only
one pellet in the chamber. Constant heating rate test measurements start at a low and finish at a high temperature. The cylinder
For thermosetting resin samples, measurements can fail due to ongoing curing during the cooling fan can be quickly attached to the bottom of the furnace to force-cool the cylinder, which can
time it takes to place samples in the sample chamber. Therefore, it is extremely important to significantly shorten the cooling time.
pelletize samples before measurement. A piston for force-cooling the cylinder with compressed air is also available.
CFT-EX Series
12 Capillary Rheometer Flowtester 13