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The visibility of computer operations refers to retaining the results of
                  INPUT                        OUTPUT
                                                                 operations that require human intervention, such as setting analytical
                                                                 conditions or analyzing data, and presenting them in a form that is
                     Instrument                Analysis data     easily visible. Visibility makes it possible to provide evidence that no
                     Instrument
                     parameters               (electronic data)  improper operations were performed, such as modifying or replacing
                     parameters
                                                                 data.
                     Peak
                     Peak
                     integration
                     integration                                 8. LabSolutions DB/CS Report Set
                                                                 8. LabSolutions DB/CS Report Set
                     parameters
                     parameters
                              Implementation of                  Fig. 3 shows such computer operations presented in a visible form
                                 analysis                        using the Report Set function in LabSolutions DB/CS version 6.50. The
                        Batch
                        Batch   Implementation of
                        settings
                        settings  postruns                       Report Set function converts a set of reports, such as batch analysis
                                                                 reports,  operation  log  reports,  and  chromatogram  reports,  to  PDF
                                                                 format and then digitally consolidates the reports into a single PDF
                                                                 file. This report set, which includes the results of operations involving
                                            Security managed by
                                             computer software   human  intervention,  provides  visibility  of  the  software  operations,
                                                                 and makes it easy to provide evidence that no improper operations
              Manual entry operation                             were performed, such as modifying or replacing data.
                                                                 The following are three key features of the report sets.
              Fig. 2  Relationship Between Inputs and Outputs for HPLC Analysis
                                                                 «Feature 1»
            Therefore, even if security is strengthened in the computer, it is diffi-  Visibility of the Series of Analysis Operations Reduces the Work
            cult to prevent improper operations for processes that require human   Involved in Checking Results and Ensures Reliability
            intervention  (such  as  specifying  analytical  conditions  or  analyzing
            analysis data).                                      The newly included Report Set function digitally converts
                                                                 batch  analysis  reports,  operation  log  reports,  chromato-
                                                                                                           PDF
                                                                 gram reports, and other reports into a single PDF file. In this
            7. Achieving Visibility for
            7  .    Achieving V isibility for                    case, batch analysis reports do not refer to the batch analy-  .pdf
                Computer Operations
                Computer      Operations                         sis schedule but rather to an analysis ledger that summarizes (lists) the
                                                                 actual series of analyses and the corresponding postrun analyses per-
            Consequently, what techniques should be used to provide evidence   formed. The operation log report consists of an analysis (and postrun
            that no improper operations were performed with regards to analysis   analysis) computer operation log that records all analysis operations
            results?
                                                                 (and a postrun analysis) performed between the start and finish of
            This can be accomplished by ensuring that computer operations are   the analysis processes.
            easily visible.
                                                        Inside the LabSolutions Database
                                   Implementation of  Generation and storage of
             Preparation of           analysis        analytical data
               samples

                          Login                                                                       Logout
                                                            Link
                                                            (Between data to the report set)  Breakdown of other reports
                                   Analysis conditions settings                 • Instrument parameter reports
                                                                                • Data processing parameter reports
                                                              Report Set
                                                          PDF                   • Calibration curve reports  Checker
                                           Instrument
                                           Instrument
                                           parameters
                                           parameters
                                                        Breakdown of the report set
                                                                                                      Login
                                                                              Check  Electronic signature
                                           Peak
                                           Peak                                                       Logout
                                                      Batch reports
                                                      Batch r
                                                                     eports
                                                           eports
                                                                     eports
                                                                 Other r
                                                                 Other r
                                           integration
                                           integration   Batch r eports  Other reports
                                           parameters
                                           parameters
                                                                                                          Approver
                                                                Chromatogram
                                                                Chr
                                                       Operational  Chr omatogram
                                                       Operational
                                                       Operational
                                                                  omatogram
                                                       log reports
                                                       log r
                                                          eports
                                                                   eports
                                                                   eports
                                             Batch     log r eports  r r reports                      Login
                                             Batch
                                             settings
                                             settings                         Approval  Electronic signature
                                                                                                      Logout
                                       Fig. 3  Data Integrity Compliance Using LabSolutions DB/CS Report Set
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