Page 11 - Clinical-Medical Physical Properties of Biomaterial

Testing Dental Implant Materials Testing Dental Wire
Evaluation of Biological Samples Implants are made of highly biocompatible titanium. Many years of basic and clinical research have in special grips for thin wire. A TRViewX Video Type Non-Contact Extensometer was used for accurate strain measurements. Evaluation of Biological Samples
Some examples of the evaluation of the mechanical properties (tensile properties) of wire used in orthodontics are given below.
Dental implant treatment involves firmly fixing an artificial tooth onto an artificial root inserted into the jaw
Results are shown for tests on four wires: stainless steel, titanium alloy (beta phase), Co-Cr alloy, and Ni-Ti alloy. The wires were held
bone where a tooth has been extracted.
It is apparent that the stainless-steel and Co-Cr alloy wires exhibit high tensile strength but low extension, while the titanium
confirmed titanium to be both the safest implant material and the material that bonds best to the jaw bone.
alloy and Ni-Ti alloy wires exhibit large extension but relatively low tensile strength. Ni-Ti alloy wire has shape-memory
Once the implant has firmly bonded to the jaw bone, a strong and stable tooth can be made to fit on it.
properties and exhibits ultra-elasticity in the
Dental implant treatment, which has become more common, resolves problems with eating and speaking
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martensite-austenite transition zone. It is
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with dentures and returns the sensation of having your own teeth. This makes the evaluation of mechanical
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attracting attention as a material that alleviates
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properties increasingly important for the development of implants. The Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour
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the load on the body because of its flexible
and Welfare has prescribed the fatigue and endurance testing of artificial tooth roots (Pharmaceutical and
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properties (little change in force due to
Food Safety Bureau Notice No. 0525004).
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TRViewX
extension) and offers a modulus of elasticity
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close to that of human bone (approx. 30 GPa). Stress (GPa) 1 0.8 Stress (GPa) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Stress (GPa) 1 0.8 Stress (GPa) 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 Video Type Non-Contact Extensometer
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0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 3 0 0.61.21.82.4 3 3.64.24.85.4 6 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 3 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 3
Displacement (strain) (%) Displacement (strain) (%) Displacement (strain) (%) Displacement (strain) (%) Tensile Testing of Dental Wire
Fatigue and Endurance Testing of Implants Stainless steel Ti alloy Co-Cr alloy Ni-Ti alloy
Artificial tooth roots directly fixed to the jaw bone are subjected to cyclical loads when chewing food in the mouth or when Artificial tooth Evaluating Denture Adhesive Strength and Testing Denture Base Resins
Evaluation of Biomaterials of approval standards for dental implants" (notification No. 0525004), which states that fatigue and endurance testing Gum Support in the denture base. Evaluating Denture Adhesive Strength Three-Point Bending Testing Jigs for Resin Evaluation of Biomaterials
the teeth clench together. Consequently, fatigue testing is required to evaluate their durability and reliability. The
Pharmaceutical and Food Safety Bureau of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare released the "Establishment
A tensile tester is used to measure tensile forces applied to teeth mounted
complying with ISO 14801 should be performed on final implant products as a general rule. ISO 14801 prescribes endurance
The mechanical properties of denture base resins are evaluated mainly by
Part that directly
testing using a suitable jig to apply test forces at a test frequency from 2 Hz to 10 Hz for two to five million cycles.
supports the tooth
bending testing. This requires the use of test jigs conforming to ISO,
This demands fatigue and endurance testing that can generate test-force waveforms and frequencies that
ASTM, and JIS standards.
Implant
accurately match the test conditions. The MMT Series Electromagnetic Force Micro Material Testers use a
(artificial tooth root)
high-response electromagnetic actuator with closed-loop control in the load mechanism to permit high-speed,
Jaw bone
high-accuracy testing at micro levels of test force and displacement. It’s a powerful tool for fatigue and reliability
testing of materials, such as implants and electronic components.
Mechanical Properties Evaluation for Stents and Stent Grafts
Load cell Compression Stents are medical devices that expand tubular tissue in the body (blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, duodenum,
Evaluation of Medical Equipment Implant 10 30° plate Fatigue and endurance testing is performed by and the appropriate stent is selected for the treatment site. This advanced medical technique has been attracting Evaluation of Medical Equipment
colon, biliary tract, etc.). They are inserted at lesions where tubular tissue is constricted due to angina pectoris,
cerebral infarction, or cancer. A catheter is inserted up to the position of the lesion and a balloon is used to expand
the stent. The catheter is withdrawn and only the stent remains. In many cases, the stent is a cylindrical metal mesh
attention in recent years.
fixing jig
Stents may be made from medical-grade 316L stainless steel, tantalum, cobalt alloy, or nitinol (nickel-titanium alloy).
It is not adequate to test the material alone; it must be tested in an environment that simulates its actual use.
mounting the sample at an angle of 30 degrees and
Three- and Four-Point Bending Testing and Compression Testing of Stents
Testing Wire Used in Stents
applying vertical loads to it with the overhead actuator.
Actuator rod
This test assumes an extreme case to simulate the
functional loading in the implant.
MMT Series
Electromagnetic Force Micro Material Tester
Tip radius Stent
Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals and Packaging function of repeated chewing and biting over a long period of time, teeth must have a Tensile and bending testing is performed on the Stents must offer mechanical functionality to support the blood vessel walls at a uniform pressure, while not Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals and Packaging
Surface Hardness Testing of Implants / Compression Testing of Microparticles
Tip radius
Artificial teeth may be dentures or teeth mounted on implants. To maintain the tooth
Support spacing L
Bending Test
Compression Test
certain level of wear resistance and surface hardness.
Evaluation of Blood Vessel Bearing Capacity Evaluation of Stent Flexibility
Three-/Four-Point Bending Test Jig for Small Samples
JIS T6506 prescribes that tooth enamel shall have a surface hardness not lower than
materials of metal wires used in stents to determine
21HV0.2 (Vickers hardness not lower than 21 at 1.96 N test force).
their fundamental mechanical properties. The wires
allowing a recoil phenomenon, which causes the inner diameter to reduce after expansion or no stress
The HMV Series Micro Vickers Hardness Testers are used for these tests and are
must smoothly expand inside the tubular cells and
concentration across a narrow range. The capacity to support blood vessel walls is evaluated through tightening
recommended to evaluate the hardness of various materials.
offer fatigue and endurance properties to withstand
tests with forces in the radial direction and compression testing with compression forces on the side walls.
Due to advances in manufacturing technologies for ceramic and metal particles, it is now
necessary to measure the properties of microparticle powders with particle sizes from
circumferential direction and low bending stiffness in the longitudinal direction. This ensures high support force
As in the case of testing dental wire, the TRViewX
several micrometers to several hundred micrometers. The MCT Series Micro Compression
Video Type Non-Contact Extensometer is
for the blood vessel wall and a flexible fit to the shape of the blood vessel. ASTM F2606 prescribes bending
Testers can perform compression testing on individual particles and are used for the
MCT Series
HMV Series
recommended for tensile testing stent wire.
testing for stents. The bending jigs can be modified to meet test standards or customer requirements.
development of dental and bone implant materials. Micro Hardness Tester Micro Compression Tester repeated loads from blood vessel pulsation. Flexibility is measured by three- and four-point bending testing. Stents offer high compression stiffness in the
Physical Property Testing Equipment
for Biomaterials and Medical Applications
10 Solutions for Biomedical Testing 11