Page 14 - Shimadzu Journal vol.6 Issue1

Selection 9 Material Science
Quantitative Analysis of Lead in Bismuth Bronze
- Matrix Elements/Profile Correction and Comparison with AA -
Some copper alloys are added with lead (Pb), but with the regulation of environmentally hazardous substances such as RoHS, it has
been replaced by bismuth (Bi) in recent years. In X-ray fluorescence analysis, Bi interferes with Pb, that is, spectra overlap, so the
quantitative accuracy of low content Pb may not be sufficient. In such cases, calibration curve method applying overlap correction
by coexisting elements is effective. Metal samples are generally measured in the plane of cutting and polishing, but there are cases
in which the samples are irregular shapes such as chips and wiring. For irregularly shaped samples with coexisting elements, shape
correction is required in addition to the overlap correction described above. This article introduces an examination of the
quantitative analysis precision when applying these corrections to a flatsurface sample and chip sample through a comparison with
atomic absorption (AA) analysis.

Selection 10 Material Science
Measuring Polyethylene (PE)-Polypropylene (PP) Blend Samples
Polymeric materials are blends of two or more types of high molecular materials that are mixed to improve mechanical properties.
Blends are often created to obtain properties that a single type cannot possess; however, this requires an understanding of component
ratios. Unlike copolymers, mechanically blended polymeric materials exhibit the characteristics of each component, such as melting and
crystallization, and multiple changes derived from each component can be observed through measurement with a DSC (differential
scanning calorimeter). This research utilizes this process to introduce examples of determining the component ratios of blended high
molecular materials by measuring the heat of fusion with a DSC.

Selection 11 Material Science
Analysis of Polycarbonate Using a Benchtop MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometer
In recent years, recycling related laws have been enforced for the purpose of global environmental preservation, which in turn has
increased the amount of recycled plastic products around us. This trend entails the needs of rapid and detailed analyses of recycled
products. In such cases, sufficient information may be obtained by analyzing not the entire polymers but oligomers.
Conventionally, oligomers are analyzed by combining rough separation using the dissolution/reprecipitation method, etc., and
various chromatographic or spectroscopic techniques. On the other hand, recently MALDI-TOF mass spectrometers are extensively
used for oligomer analysis. By using such instruments, the information of terminal groups and monomer units can be obtained
rapidly. This article introduces an example analysis of polycarbonate, which was performed by combining rough separation of
oligomers by the dissolution/reprecipitation method and measurement and analysis using the benchtop MALDI-TOF mass
spectrometer "MALDI-8020".

Selection 12 Material Science
Compression After Impact Testing of Composite Material
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has a higher specific strength and rigidity than metals, and is used in aeronautics and
astronautics to improve fuel consumption by reducing weight. However, CFRP only exhibits these superior properties in the
direction of its fibers, and is not as strong perpendicular to its fibers or between its laminate layers. When force is applied to a
CFRP laminate board, there is a possibility that delamination and matrix cracking will occur parallel to its fibers. Furthermore, CFRP
is not particularly ductile, and is known to be susceptible to impacts. When a CFRP laminate board receives an impact load, it can
result in internal matrix cracking and delamination that is not apparent on the material surface. There are many situations in which
CFRP materials may sustain an impact load, such as if a tool being dropped onto a CFRP aircraft wing, or small stones hitting the a
CFRP wing during landing. Consequently, tests are required for these scenarios. One of these tests is compression after impact
(CAI) testing. CAI testing involves subjecting a specimen to a prescribed impact load, checking the state of damage to the
specimen by a nondestructive method, and then performing compression testing of that specimen. This article describes CAI
testing performed according to the ASTM D7137 (JIS K 7089) standard test method.

Selection 13 Material Science
Compression Test of Composite Material
Even among composite materials, carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) has a particularly high specific strength, and is used in
aeroplanes and some transport aircraft to improve fuel consumption by reducing weight. Compressive strength is an extremely
important parameter in the design of composite materials that is always tested. However, due to the difficulty of testing
compressive strength there is a variety of test methods. A major compression test method is the combined loading compression
(CLC) method found in ASTM D6641. The CLC method can be performed with a simple jig structure, untabbed strip specimens,
and can be used to simultaneously evaluate strength and measure elastic modulus. We performed compression testing of CFRP
according to ASTM D6641.

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