Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is a fundamental and versatile sample preparation technique widely employed in the field of analytical chemistry. Its primary purpose is to isolate and concentrate specific target compound(s) from complex mixtures, enabling enhanced sensitivity and accuracy in subsequent analytical methods. SPE plays a crucial role in sample cleanup, pre-concentration, and purification, making it an indispensable tool for a broad range of applications, including environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical analysis, clinical research, forensic investigations, and food safety testing.